Noted authorities writing specifically for this volume. The arab spring of discontent einternational relations. Combine this lack of opportunity with a regional poverty rate exceeding. Journal of communication social media and the arab spring, volume 62.
The arab spring was a series of antigovernment protests, uprisings, and armed rebellions that spread across the middle east in early 2011. He certainly could not have foreseen that he would motivate the peoples of the arab world1 to seek social change in the collection of demonstrations. Social media, mediation and the arab revolutions miriyam aouragh oxford university, oxford, united kingdom, miriyam. Causes include human rights violations, economic decline, as well as extreme poverty caused by unemployment. Saudi arabia and the arab spring ren rieger gulf research center arab spring as well as by the growing popular displeasure about the widespread corruption in the kingdom. Widely circulated pdfs of tip sheets explained how to pull off a. Egypt marks seventh anniversary of arab spring uprising.
Revolution, counterrevolution and the making of a new era, lin noueihed and alex warren devote a large portion of their book to study the reasons, developments and. Revolution, asylum and mobility explored how varying processes of political, economic, and social contestation in north africa and the levant have affected human mobility. This article gives a good account of the origins of the arab spring in tunisia and how the movement spread throughout the region. The 2007 national strategy for maintaining integrity and combating corruption had already provided for the setting up of a national anticorruption body. Egyptian revolution, also known as arab spring or arab uprising, was a shock for international community because egypt has been seen as one of the strongest military state in north africa region. The possible outcome of the arab spring scenarios for the future i.
The name arab spring is a reference to the revolutions of 1848also known as the peoples spring when political upheavals swept europe. Thi s researc h articl e attempts to scrutinize the nature and cause s of the ara b uprising s which too k people by surpris e globall y throughou t 2011 and int o 2012. Revolution and political transformation in the middle east. A bumpy road ahead pdf by hassan hakimian, director of the london middle east institute and reader, economics department, soas underscores the underlying importance of the economic conditions facing the new republics, such as egypt and tunisia, which are emerging as a result of the arab spring. Eurocentrism, modernity and orientalism whatever name we assign to the events in the arab world, we end up trapping ourselves in one limiting or problematic framework or another. Amir faisal, the leader of the 1916 arab revolt and a firm believer in the idea of arab unity had hypothesized that once the victors of world war i would concede arab independence and help them establish their local competence, the natural influences of race, language and interest would soon draw all arabs into one people. Revolution, counter revolution and the making of a new era, lin noueihed and alex warren devote a large portion of their book to study the reasons, developments and. The arab spring was a revolution of the hungry the. Tunisia people were ready for a revolution and the government responded the rebellious act brutally rebellion but the rebels fight was not long, as various rebel militias effectively convinced the country among them, leaving a weak central government that continues to struggle. Pdf in this chapter, we will continue to discuss arab revolutions in a wide historical and. Praise for the arab springs democratic motivations is premature. The events of the arab spring were an inevitable surprise.
Reflections from october 2011 to september 20 67 1. The role of social media in the arab spring, a revolutionary wave of demonstrations and protests in the middle east and north africa between 2010 and 2012, remains a highly debated subject. Which iranian uprising does the arab spring bring to mind. Unlike many other revolutions that swept the globe to topple autocratic regimes, the arab. Arab spring used their powers vehemently to crush the demonstrators and consequently the peaceful protesters also became violent. From revolution to civil war 78 zones and does not tightly define civil war versus other intrastate conflict. Youth unemployment between 1829 ages, which served as the main reason for the revolution, was %30 in 2010 ifad, 2011.
In tunisia, act of one fruit vendor unleashes wave of revolution through the arab world by marc fisher, the washington post, march 26, 2011. The arab revolution these sources refer to it as the arab revolution supreme deliciousness 21. Press, 1999 and jillian schwedler, faith in moderation. Davin chor is assistant professor of economics, singapore management university, singapore. Critics of the arab spring argue the success of the iraqi democracy is a result of the u. A simple compartmental model for the dynamics of a revolution j. This thesis explores several dimensions of domestic and international politics related to the arab spring. The arab spring unexpectedly developed in late 2010 with peaceful protests in a number of arab countries against longstanding, entrenched regimes, and rapid political change across the region ensued. But some arab spring countries are coping better than others with the impact of this years regionwide unrest and its unpredictable consequences. But their purpose, relative success, and outcome remain hotly disputed in arab countries, among foreign observers, and between world powers looking to cash in on the changing map of the middle east. The repressive and violent nature of the arab regimes also ranks high on the list of major factors culminating in the 2011 arab uprisings. The reasons and economic and political consequences of. Revolution of 1979, which brought the islamic republic to power. Inherent in the term spring, for sure, is the idea of awakening after winters slumber, but.
This is an arab revolution 27 atlantic centrism 30 is cairo the next new york. Development of conflict in arab spring libya and syria. The former has until recently been the only fundamental system transforma. Most of the arab regimes, with the exception of a few, are classified as highly authoritarian systems. Recent sectarian clashes suggest a much darker outcome. Campante is assistant professor of public policy, harvard kennedy school, cambridge, massachusetts. The season of revolution 1 the season of revolution. Pdf arab spring, revolutions, and the democratic values. The words arabs use to describe themselves are far stronger and more substantive than arab spring. The term arab spring, while controversial, has come to represent the events that have rocked this region since the beginning of 2011. In tunisia, rates were about % at the beginning of the unrest. Ben alis in tunisia on 17 january, mubaraks in egypt on 11 february, qadhafis in libya on 23 august, and saleh in yemen.
The integration of syrias conflict with the arab uprisings, 201120 article pdf available in research and politics october 2014 with 1,267 reads. It began in response to oppressive regimes and a low standard of living, starting with protests in tunisia noueihed, 2011. A year of revolution a year ago, a tunisian fruitseller set himself on fire after being humiliated by a police officer. Home this guide lists online and print sources for what has become known as the arab spring, the popular revolutionary wave in the middle east and north africa that started in december 2010. The roots and causes of the 2011 arab uprisings kamal eldin osman salih abstract.
The armed forces played a decisive role in many of the arab uprisings, particularly the early ones. The regional revolution saw regime change in tunisia, egypt, and yemen, and civil wars in libya and, at the time of writing this, ongoing in syria. The arab spring has fundamentally altered the middle east and north africa mena. As egyptians mark seventh year since 2011 revolution, authorities seal off tahrir square to prevent potential protests. This article discusses the sociopolitical implications of usergenerated applications and platforms through the prism of. The aftermath of the arab spring simon tisdall opinion. Causes of the arab spring causes of the arab spring may be described as following. Schooling, economic opportunities, and the arab spring filipe r.
The arab world cant feed itself, and thats how the regions dictators like it. Change and resistance in the middle east examines these revolutions and their aftermath. At the time of writing, the arab spring has seen the collapse of four heads of the regions authoritarian regimes. This chapter seeks reasons for why the events of the arab spring occurred and if the u. In arab countries, many activists who played crucial roles in the arab spring used social networking as a key tool in expressing their thoughts concerning unjust acts committed by the government.
Uprisings occurred in states regardless of their levels of internet usage, with some states with high levels of internet usage such as bahrain, with 88% of its population online in 2011. Analysis of the arab spring 3 blunders in state response, in particular using a heavyhanded approach and trying to crush opposition, had the reverse effect of galvanising more people to join the protests icg, 2011b and 2011d. Youth frustration and the arab spring 3 mohammed bouazizi, the young street vendor who set himself ablaze in public in late 2010, did not intend to start a revolution in tunisia. Why workers arent joining the protests, time, 22 february 2011.
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